科勘海洋碳排放和计算监测系统_环保系统_产品

科勘海洋碳排放和计算监测系统

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科勘海洋碳排放和计算监测系统

据世界气象组织最新发布信息显示，2020年全球平均温度较工业化前水平高出1.2℃左右，2011-2020年是有记录以来最暖的十年，全球变暖导致全球范围内强降水事件频发。2020年9月22日，习总书记在第七十五届联合国大会的讲话”二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060 年前实现碳中和。”

国家发改委于2017年12月出台了《全国碳排放权交易市场建设方案（发电行业）》，指出：在发电行业（含热电联产）率先启用全国碳排放交易体系。2021年7月16日，根据能源交易所发布的公告，千呼万唤的全国碳排放权交易16日上午正式启动开市。全国碳市场启动仪式于北京、上海、武汉3地同时举办。开市首日，全国碳市场碳排放配额(CEA，Chinese Emission Allowances)挂牌协议交易成交量410.4万吨，成交额2.1亿元，51.23元/吨，较上涨6.73%。

碳交易机制高效运行的重要基础是客观、准确、具有公信力的碳排放数据。目前，国际上有2种监测温室气体排放量的方法，即核算法和监测法。以电厂为例，核算方法：电厂掺烧情况普遍，入厂和入炉煤变化和波动频繁，现有的取样方式，代表性难以保证且需要较高的取样和分析成本不能实时在线连续获取碳排放的数据，数据统计间隔通常以月为周期（月度缩分样）。煤的元素分析非在线连续测量，需要送第三方有资质的检测机构，存在大量人工介入如化验、核算、校对等过程，非客观因素较多，且需要严格对煤样进行留存。连续监测方法：通过采样方式或直接测量方式实时、连续地测定固定源排放浓度和排放量，应用方式为自动化的手段、可以实现监测数据频次高、运行管理成本更经济。

监测方法就以自动、在线、现场碳排放监测技术研发为核心，进行碳排放监测技术方法，为促进碳排放交易战略性新兴市场的形成提供核心技术支持和关键数据支撑。目前这个领域具有完成成熟体系的公司有ABB和西门子，因为西方最早提出的碳行动，相关企业的研究开发也就很早接入并落地。目前现有烟气流量测量基本采用单点皮托管法，利用截面单点压差进行流速、流量计量，该方法仅适用于流速均匀的烟道，对于速度场分布不均的烟道，准确性极差。我们科研人员最新提出的超声波脉冲的延迟时间差原理对气体流速进行测量，满足烟道流场不均匀及低流速条件下烟气流量的计量，可用于高粉尘及湿烟气等复杂工况。结合烟道截面结构特性，采用双通道四终端进行超声信号处理，形成“点-线-面可覆盖烟道全截面的烟气流量计量系统。

碳中和和计算的普及应用是从火电、钢厂、化工开始。然后对应的涉碳排放的大型企业也会在普及范围之内。科勘海洋会在这个领域重点关注，涉海、海岸的碳循环机制也可以为陆地服务和联动。

系统集光机电软等为一体，利用长光程分析方法与光学差分吸收光谱技术，实现重点行业（火电、水泥、钢铁等）碳排放数据精准计量与深度挖掘，并将监测数据和信息传送到环保主管部门，为企业进行碳资源管理和碳交易市场提供数据支撑。

系统构成：系统由烟气采集装置、烟气传输装置、预处理装置、气体分析仪、数据采集及分析模块组成。

系统原理：利用超声波脉冲的延迟时间差原理对气体流速进行测量，满足烟道流场不均匀及低流速条件下烟气流量的计量，可用于高粉尘及湿烟气等复杂工况。结合烟道截面结构特性，采用双通道四终端进行超声信号处理，形成“点-线-面可覆盖烟道全截面的烟气流量计量系统。

系统在线如下：

数据传输：通过专网实时上传至监管部门

模型修正：建立碳排放校正模型，以得到准确的碳排放量。

数据记录与报表：实时数据存储在本地数据库。定期生成报表，同时也会生成相对于的趋势图，便于人员分析。

数据分析：对碳排放数据进行挖掘和分析，依据实时监测数据对超高排放进行快速、准确监管，对碳排放变化趋势进行预测，实现高排放的提前预警。

KEKAN OCEAN Carbon Emission and Calculation Monitoring System

According to the latest information released by the World Meteorological Organization, the global average temperature in 2020 was about 1.2 ℃ higher than preindustrial levels. 2011-2020 was the warmest decade on record, and global warming has led to frequent occurrences of heavy precipitation events worldwide.

The National Development and Reform Commission issued the "National Carbon Emission Trading Market Construction Plan (Power Generation Industry)" in December 2017, which pointed out that the national carbon emission trading system was the first to be implemented in the power generation industry (including cogeneration). On July 16, 2021, according to the announcement released by the Energy Exchange, the much-anticipated national carbon emissions trading officially opened on the morning of July 16. The launch ceremony of the national carbon market was held simultaneously in Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan. On the first day of the market opening, the trading volume of the Chinese Emission Allowances (CEA) listing agreement in the national carbon market was 4.104 million tons, with a trading volume of 210 million yuan, 51.23 yuan/ton, an increase of 6.73% compared to the previous period.

The important foundation for the efficient operation of carbon trading mechanisms is objective, accurate, and credible carbon emission data. At present, there are two international methods for monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, namely nuclear algorithm and monitoring method. Taking power plants as an example, accounting method: The situation of mixed combustion in power plants is common, with frequent changes and fluctuations in coal entering the plant and furnace. The existing sampling methods are difficult to ensure representativeness and require high sampling and analysis costs. It is not possible to obtain carbon emission data online and continuously in real-time. The data statistical interval is usually monthly (monthly sample reduction). The element analysis of coal is not continuously measured online and needs to be sent to a third-party qualified testing agency. There is a large amount of manual intervention such as testing, accounting, and calibration processes, and there are many non objective factors, and strict retention of coal samples is required. Continuous monitoring method: Real time and continuous measurement of fixed source emission concentration and amount through sampling or direct measurement. The application method is automated, which can achieve high monitoring data frequency and more economical operation and management costs.

The monitoring method focuses on the research and development of automatic, online, and on-site carbon emission monitoring technologies, providing core technical support and key data support for promoting the formation of strategic emerging markets for carbon emission trading. At present, companies with mature systems in this field include ABB and Siemens. Due to the earliest proposal of carbon action in the West, the research and development of related enterprises have also been integrated and implemented early. At present, the existing flue gas flow measurement mainly adopts the single point pitot tube method, which uses the pressure difference at a single point on the cross-section to measure the flow rate and flow rate. This method is only applicable to flue gas with uniform flow rate, and has extremely poor accuracy for flue gas with uneven velocity field distribution. Our researchers have recently proposed the delay time difference principle of ultrasonic pulses to measure gas flow rate, which meets the measurement of flue gas flow rate under uneven flow field and low flow rate conditions. It can be used for complex conditions such as high dust and wet flue gas. Combining the structural characteristics of the flue section, a dual channel four terminal ultrasonic signal processing system is adopted to form a "point line surface" flue gas flow measurement system that can cover the entire cross-section of the flue.

The widespread application of carbon neutrality and computing began in thermal power, steel plants, and chemical industries. Then the corresponding large enterprises related to carbon emissions will also be within the scope of popularization. The Science and Technology Exploration Marine Association focuses on this field, and the carbon cycle mechanism involving the sea and coast can also serve and link land.

The system integrates optical, mechanical, electrical, and software, utilizing long optical path analysis methods and optical differential absorption spectroscopy technology to achieve precise measurement and deep mining of carbon emission data in key industries (such as thermal power, cement, steel, etc.), and transmit monitoring data and information to environmental protection authorities, providing data support for enterprises to manage carbon resources and trade carbon markets.

System composition: The system consists of a flue gas collection device, a flue gas transmission device, a preprocessing device, a gas analyzer, and a data acquisition and analysis module.

System principle: The delay time difference principle of ultrasonic pulse is used to measure gas flow rate, which meets the measurement of flue gas flow rate under uneven flow field and low flow rate conditions in the flue. It can be used for complex working conditions such as high dust and wet flue gas. Combining the structural characteristics of the flue section, a dual channel four terminal ultrasonic signal processing system is adopted to form a "point line surface" flue gas flow measurement system that can cover the entire cross-section of the flue.

The system is online as follows:

Data transmission: Real time upload to regulatory authorities through a dedicated network

Model correction: Establish a carbon emission correction model to obtain accurate carbon emissions.

Data recording and reporting: Real time data is stored in a local database. Regularly generate reports and also generate relative trend charts for personnel analysis.

Data analysis: Mining and analyzing carbon emission data, quickly and accurately monitoring ultra-high emissions based on real-time monitoring data, predicting carbon emission trends, and achieving early warning of high emissions.